Vespucci's rodent

Extinct circa 1503 CEBrazil

"This rat was native to the islands of Fernando de Noronha, a couple of hundred miles off the northeast coast of Brazil . . . the one-pound Vespucci's Rodent was doomed by the pests and pets that accompanied the first European settlers, including Black Rats, the common House Mouse, and hungry tabby cats."

Bob Strauss, "10 Recently Extinct Shrews, Bats and Rodents," Thought.co, August 28, 2020.

Image: Herluf Winge (d. 1923), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons